Last Updated on February 3, 2024

The Kalahari dykuma yra didžiulis smėlio baseinas, besitęsiantis nuo Orange upės iki Angolos, vakaruose iki Namibijos ir rytuose iki Zimbabvės.

Kalahari dykuma užima daugiau nei 2000 m 900,000 kv km. Kalaharyje yra didžiuliai raudono smėlio plotai, kuriuose nėra nuolatinio paviršinio vandens. Vėjas formavo smėlio keteras, kurios yra keletas labai tipiškų Kalahario kraštovaizdžio vietų.

Pasak ekspertų, dykuma susidarė dėl šaltos srovės, ateinančios iš Bengelos regiono, kuri iš Pietų Afrikos į žemyną atneša vandens garus, daugiausia per šį regioną.

Dėl kondensacijos karštos oro masės patenka į sausą lygį ir sudaro dykumą. Pavadinimas kilęs iš žodžio kgalagadi svanų kalba ir reiškia „didysis troškulys“.

Kalahario dykuma, Pietų Afrika
Kalahario dykuma

Klimatas

Vardas Kalahari tsvanų kalba apytiksliai verčiamas kaip „didysis troškulys“ arba „vieta be vandens“, Tai karštas klimatas, žinoma, bet žymiai lietingesnis nei įprastos dykumos.

Klimatas Kalahario dykumoje vasarą būna labai aukšta temperatūra ir regione iškrenta nedidelis kritulių kiekis.

Ši dykuma comes to full life in the rainy season, su žolynais, žemais erškėčių krūmais ir mišku bei daugybe laukinės gamtos aplink jį.

Dėl kritulių tam tikrose dykumos vietose taip pat vyksta ganymas ir žemės ūkio veikla.

Gyventojų skaičius

The population of the Kalahari region is comprised primarily of two distinct groups: the San and the Khoikhoi. The San people are known for their nomadic way of life, wherein they travel from place to place in search of food and resources. Iš kitos pusės, the Khoikhoi people are a mixture of hunters and farmers, who tend to stay in one place for longer periods of time.

In addition to these two groups, the area has also seen an influx of Tswana and Herero herders, who bring their own unique cultures and traditions to the region. Apskritai, the population of the Kalahari is diverse and dynamic, reflecting the many different ways that humans can thrive in this challenging environment.

Nacionalinis parkas

The Kalahari Desert is not just an arid wasteland, but rather a rich and vibrant ecosystem that supports a wide variety of wildlife. Faktiškai, it is one of the most important wildlife sanctuaries in all of Africa, and is home to countless species of animals and birds.

From majestic lions and leopards, to nimble antelope and gazelles, the Kalahari is a veritable paradise for nature lovers and wildlife enthusiasts alike. And with the establishment of the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, this stunning region has become a popular destination for tourists from all over the world.

The Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park is a unique conservation area that spans the border between South Africa and Botswana. It is the result of a merger between two national parks: the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park in South Africa and the Gemsbok National Park in Botswana. Together, these parks form one of the largest game reserves in all of Africa, and provide a safe haven for the animals and birds that call the Kalahari home.

Kelionės po dykumą: Sossusvlei namelis, šešių diržų, Namibija
Sossuvlei Lodge, Kalahario dykuma


Facts about the Kalahari Desert

  • The Kalahari Desert is not a true desert, as it receives more rainfall than most deserts. Vietoj to, it is classified as a semi-arid region.
  • The Kalahari Desert is known for its red sand dunes, which are made up of iron oxide-rich sand that gives them their distinctive color. These dunes are some of the highest in the world, reaching heights of up to 300 metrų.
  • Despite being a harsh and seemingly inhospitable place, the Kalahari Desert is home to a rich and diverse ecosystem, and is an important habitat for many species of plants and animals.
  • The Kalahari Desert is home to a number of unique plant species, including the baobab tree, which can store up to 120,000 liters of water and has a lifespan of up to 3,000 metų.
  • The Kalahari Desert is home to a variety of wildlife, including predators such as lions, hyenas, and cheetahs, as well as herbivores like antelopes, žirafos, and elephants.

Read also about: Sacharos dykuma


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